చెస్టర్‌ఫీల్డ్ సలహాలు - APPENDIX

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APPENDIX

MEANIGS OF SOME FRENCH WORDS USED IN

THIS BOOK

ton: the prevailing fashion; style.

beau monde: fashionable society.

bon mot: a clever saying; witty remark.

outré: unconventional

minutia: very small matters; trifling details

mauvaise honte: excessive modesty or shame;

bourgeois: of or characteristic of the middle class

billet-doux: a love letter.

mutatis mutandis: with the necessary changes.

en passant: in passing; by the way; incidentally.

bel esprit: a person of genius or brilliant wit.

je ne sais quoi: an indefinable something.

decorum: proper behavior; good taste in conduct.

ipse dixit: a dogmatic assertion; opinion based merely on someone's authority.

MEANINGS OF SOME PHRASES

at cross purposes: misunderstanding each other's purpose.

cross-purposes: a game of questioning and answering in which words having different meanings having different meanings.

Drinking of healths: a drink in honor of a person with a wish that he may be healthy and happy.

DETAILS OF SOME GREAT PERSONS OF ANCIENT TIMES WHOSE NAMES ARE MARKED WITH ASTERISK

Diogenes: Diogenes (412?-323 B.C.) belonged to the Cynic school of ancient Greek philosophy. The Cynics taught that a person should lead a life of self-control and be free from all desire for material things and pleasures.  Diogenes carried this view to extremes in his own life.

Horace: Horace (65-8 B.C.) was one of the greatest poets of ancient Rome.  He is most famous for Odes, a collection of short, songlike poems.

Virgil: Virgil (70-19 B.C.) was the greatest poet of ancient Rome and one of the outstanding poets in world literature.  His masterpiece was the Aeneid, the national epic of Rome. His full name was Publius Vergilius Maro.

Ovid: Ovid (43 B.C.-A.D. 17?) was a great Roman poet. His full name was Publius Ovidius Naso.  He became best known for his witty and sophisticated love poems. Ovid's most famous work is the Art of Love.

Homer: Homer is traditionally considered the ancient Greek poet who composed the great epics the Iliad and the Odyssey. Scholars know almost nothing about Homer.

Cicero: Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 B.C.), was a great Roman orator and statesman.  His written orations and philosophical and religious essays made him one of the most influential authors in Latin literature.  In his writings, Cicero translated into Latin ideas and technical terms that had previously existed only in Greek.  Cicero so improved Latin that it served as the international language of intellectual communication for centuries.

Demosthenes: Demosthenes (384?-322 B.C.) was an Athenian statesman who is usually considered to have been the greatest Greek orator.

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